The world of cannabis is not just limited to cannabinoids like THC and CBD. There’s another group of compounds that play a vital role in shaping the effects and therapeutic potential of cannabis: terpenes. These aromatic molecules are responsible for the distinctive scents and flavours found in various cannabis strains. However, their significance extends beyond mere sensory pleasure.
In this blog, we will delve into the world of cannabis terpenes, exploring what they are, their importance, how they interact with the body, and some of the most common terpenes found in cannabis.
UNDERSTANDING TERPENES
Terpenes are organic compounds produced by a wide variety of plants, including cannabis. They are primarily found in the plant’s resinous trichomes, which are small, hair-like structures that cover the flowers and leaves. Terpenes serve various functions for the plant, such as attracting pollinators, repelling predators, and protecting against environmental stressors like UV rays.
IMPORTANCE OF TERPENES IN CANNABIS
While cannabinoids like THC and CBD are known for their therapeutic properties, it is the synergy between these cannabinoids and terpenes that contribute to the entourage effect—a phenomenon where the combined effect of multiple cannabis compounds produces a more significant impact than isolated compounds alone. Terpenes influence the overall cannabis experience by modulating the effects of cannabinoids, enhancing their potential benefits, and even mitigating potential side effects.
INTERACTIONS WITH THE BODY
Terpenes interact with the human body through various mechanisms. They can bind to receptors and neurotransmitters in the brain, affecting mood, cognition, and even pain perception. Additionally, terpenes can influence the permeability of cell membranes, enhancing or inhibiting the absorption of other cannabis compounds. They also contribute to the pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids by influencing their metabolism and bioavailability.
COMMON TERPENES IN CANNABIS
MYRCENE:
This is the most abundant terpene found in cannabis. It exhibits a musky, earthy aroma and is known for its potential sedative and relaxing effects. Myrcene is also found in mango and hops and is responsible for the distinctive scent of certain beer varieties.
LIMONENE:
As the name suggests, limonene has a citrusy aroma reminiscent of lemons and oranges. It is associated with uplifting and mood-enhancing effects. Limonene is also believed to possess antifungal and antibacterial properties.
PINENE:
Found in pine trees, pinene emits a fresh, piney scent. It is known for its potential bronchodilator properties and is commonly associated with increased alertness and focus. Pinene is available in two isomeric forms: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene.
LINALOOL:
Recognized for its floral aroma, linalool is present in lavender and chamomile. It is often used for its calming and relaxing effects and has been studied for its potential anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.
CARYOPHYLLENE:
With its peppery and spicy scent, caryophyllene is found in black pepper and cloves. It is the only terpene known to interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, specifically targeting the CB2 receptors. Caryophyllene is often sought after for its potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
FINAL NOTES
Cannabis terpenes are far more than just aromatic compounds; they contribute to the complex tapestry of effects and therapeutic benefits provided by the plant. By understanding the importance of terpenes and their interactions with the body, we can appreciate the diverse range of experiences offered by different cannabis strains.